Directly Addressing the Weakest Link

I had been riding for almost an hour on an ancient school bus, bouncing down dusty, rutted roads that wound their way inland through the sugarcane fields, when we finally arrived at Batey 106. Barefoot children ran out to greet us, yelling “Americanos!” and adults stared from the doorways of precariously leaning wooden shacks. I’d been told what to expect, but I was not ready for this.

I recently came face-to-face with corporate social irresponsibility in the Dominican Republic on a humanitarian mission trip. I witnessed one of the weakest links in the food and beverage industry’s supply chain, and the experience has increased my understanding of the plight of many agricultural workers around the world and the sourcing challenges that many companies face.

The World Bank reports that while tourism has made the Dominican Republic one of the world’s fastest growing economies, with GDP averaging 5.8% in recent years, poverty has increased during the same time period, from 32% in 2000 to 40% in 2011, primarily due to the huge influx of Haitian refugees in the aftermath of that country’s catastrophic earthquake in 2010.

The U.S. State Department’s Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor issued a report in 2013 estimating that there were 900,000 to 1.2 million undocumented immigrants (mostly Haitians or their descendants) living in the DR. The report details numerous human rights and labor abuses in the country, including denial of social services, raids and systematic expulsions (often without the opportunity to demonstrate legal residency or with the confiscation or destruction of documentation). These practices have increased the difficulty for undocumented Haitians to travel within the country, with many having little choice but to remain in their sub-standard communities in order to avoid deportation.

The report further describes the poor living conditions that I saw:

“Some Haitian immigrants and others lived in shantytowns or sugarcane work camps known as bateyes. As in many poor areas in other parts of the country, these were harsh environments with limited or no electricity, running water, sanitary facilities, or adequate schooling. In many bateyes, medical assistance either was rudimentary or not readily available, and clean water was not always available.”

But the problems in the sugar supply chain are not limited to the Dominican Republic. More recently, there has been increasing coverage of extremely high levels of Chronic Kidney Disease (or Mesoamerican nephropathy) among sugarcane workers, particularly in Central America and Mexico. There is no consensus as to the cause of the epidemic, with theories ranging from prolonged dehydration, to bacterial infection, to agrochemical exposure.

The director of the NGO we partnered with was concerned when I mentioned the need to draw attention to the plight of the workers, saying that the country’s economy is dependent on the sugar industry. The U.S. purchases almost half of the DR’s exports (primarily sugar). He said the batey residents desperately need their jobs (though USA Today reports that even the most productive workers make only $11–$12 per 12-hour workday), and a consumer boycott could have a disastrous effect on them.

The soft drink industry is the largest purchaser of cane sugar in the world and, therefore, shoulders the greatest supply chain reputational risk that comes with these issues. The three largest producers (Coca-Cola, PepsiCo and ABF) came under scrutiny in 2012 when Oxfam called them out for buying sugar from suppliers that kick people off their land without warning or compensation to consolidate tracts for larger plantations. Both Coca-Cola and PepsiCo quickly announced “zero-tolerance” policies on the issue. Coca-Cola went so far as to publicly disclose its top sugar suppliers (based in Brazil, Mexico and India, not the Dominican Republic), and further announced that it would conduct independent “social, environmental and human rights assessments of its top 16 sugar-supplying countries.”

Last year, the company also published Sustainable Agriculture Guiding Principles, which states that suppliers must “provide a secure, safe and healthy workplace” and “maintain a productive workplace by minimizing the risk of accidents, injury and exposure to health risks.”

But none of the major soft drink manufacturers has gotten directly involved with programs to address the health, education or living conditions of sugar workers – and there lies the greatest opportunity. Companies could work locally/directly to strengthen the weakest links in their supply chains by partnering with hospitals and NGOs to help get feet on the ground to improve housing and provide increased access to potable water, basic hygiene/sanitation, education and medical treatment.

Left up to wholesale suppliers, these things are unlikely to happen. Public scrutiny rarely affects their bottom lines, and they’re often protected by corrupt governments. Until manufacturers get directly involved, leveraging their buying power with suppliers and investing to implement programs and force change, they’re at risk. Activities like this not only reduce reputational and financial risk but also improve lives and enhance brand perception. We saw in our 2014 Eco Pulse study that corporate environmental reputation and social responsibility initiatives are becoming an increasingly important way Americans evaluate companies and identify products for purchase consideration.

If more corporate executives, sustainability officers, and brand, product and communication managers got out of their offices and into the field to see, first hand, the impacts of their business, I’m convinced innovative solutions would follow. I know that I am forever changed by what I saw.